IELTS Reading Test 8 (General)

READING SECTION-2

Beneficial Work Practices for Remote Workers

A) Adopting proper work practices is essential for preventing physical discomfort, such as back pain, eye strain, or wrist injuries, commonly associated with long hours of remote work. Poor posture, inadequate workstations, and extended periods of sitting or staring at a screen can result in long-term health issues that affect productivity, focus, and overall well-being. Ergonomic adjustments are vital in reducing such risks and ensuring that workers can perform efficiently without compromising their health.

B) It is crucial that remote workers pay attention to their physical workspace, including desk height, chair comfort, and the positioning of monitors and other equipment. The workspace should be organized in a way that promotes comfort and productivity, encouraging healthy posture. Employers should provide guidance to help employees set up an ergonomic workstation at home, as many remote workers may not be aware of how to adjust their setup. Remote workers must be encouraged to assess their own workspace regularly and make necessary adjustments to minimize strain on their body.

C) A key element of an ergonomic workspace is the chair. Remote workers should invest in an ergonomic chair that supports their lower back. The chair should have adjustable features for height, armrests, and lumbar support. A chair with a comfortable seat cushion, preferably with breathable fabric, is important for long hours of sitting. Additionally, the feet should rest flat on the floor, or a footrest should be used to ensure that the knees are at a right angle. Having an adjustable chair allows for better comfort and helps maintain good posture.

D) When working with documents or notes, it is important to ensure that these materials are positioned at eye level and not too far away from the screen. Using a document holder or placing papers beside the monitor can help maintain a neutral head position and reduce neck strain. A frequent issue remote workers face is the tendency to look down at papers or twist their neck to view documents, leading to discomfort. By keeping the materials within close proximity to the screen, workers can maintain better alignment and reduce muscle fatigue.

E) To prevent repetitive strain injuries, remote workers should take frequent breaks throughout the day. Ideally, these breaks should occur every hour, even if it is just a quick 30-second stretch or a walk around the room. Such breaks allow the muscles to relax and the blood circulation to improve, reducing the risk of stiffness and pain in the wrists, neck, and back. Additionally, after extended periods of typing, workers should rest their hands and perform stretches that target the wrists and fingers. Practicing these techniques regularly can prevent the onset of carpal tunnel syndrome and other related issues.

The text above has seven sections, A–E. Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.

Select the correct number, i–vii for questions 15–19.

i. Why are regular breaks important for preventing repetitive strain injuries?

ii. Why should remote workers report discomfort, and how can ergonomic issues be addressed?

iii. What features should an ergonomic chair have for remote workers?

iv. Why is the workspace important for remote workers, and how can employers help?

v. How can remote workers reduce eye strain from extended screen time?

vi. How can remote workers position documents to avoid neck strain?

vii. What physical discomforts can arise from remote work, and how can proper practices prevent them?

Questions 15-19

15) Section A

16) Section B

17) Section C

18) Section D

19) Section E

Select the correct answers to the following questions and write them on your answer sheet for questions 20 and 21

20. According to the passage, what is a key factor in preventing discomfort and injury for remote workers?

A) Working without taking breaks to focus on tasks

B) Setting up an ergonomic workstation with proper chair and desk adjustments

C) Avoiding all physical movement during working hours

D) Using the computer for short periods only

21. How can remote workers reduce eye strain according to the passage?

A) Positioning the computer screen too close to the eyes

B) Using the computer without adjusting brightness or contrast

C) Ensuring the screen is at eye level and minimizing glare from light sources

D) Staring at the screen for extended periods without taking breaks

Job Application Process

Before Applying

Before submitting a job application, it’s essential to thoroughly research the company and the position you're interested in. Understanding the company's values, culture, and the specific responsibilities of the role will help you tailor your application to better fit the employer’s needs.

First, ensure that your resume or CV is up to date. Highlight relevant experience, skills, and qualifications that align with the job description. It’s also crucial to write a compelling cover letter that introduces you, explains why you're interested in the role, and demonstrates how your skills make you a strong candidate. If the company requires additional documents, such as references or a portfolio, make sure to provide those as well.

Once your application is ready, submit it according to the employer’s instructions. This might include applying through a company website, an email, or a job board. After submitting your application, it’s important to follow up within a week or two to show your continued interest in the position.

The Interview Process

Once your application is shortlisted, the next step is often an interview. Interviews allow the employer to assess your suitability for the role, while you can learn more about the company and the team. It’s crucial to prepare by practicing common interview questions and researching the company further.

In some cases, you may be invited to multiple rounds of interviews, which can include phone, video, or in-person formats. Each interview may focus on different aspects, such as technical skills, problem-solving abilities, or cultural fit. Be sure to dress professionally and arrive on time for all interviews.

After the interviews, the company will typically reach out to inform you whether you have been selected for the role. If you are offered the job, you will usually receive a formal offer letter outlining the terms of employment, including salary, benefits, and start date. It’s important to review this carefully before accepting.

Job Offer and Acceptance

Once you receive a job offer, you have the opportunity to negotiate terms if necessary. Salary, benefits, and work hours may be adjusted based on your needs or the company’s policies. Once you’ve agreed on the terms, you can formally accept the offer.

Conclusion

The job application process is an essential step in securing a position that aligns with your career goals. By carefully preparing your application, researching the company, and performing well in interviews, you improve your chances of landing the job you want. Proper follow-up after applying and during the interview process can also make a positive impression on potential employers.

Questions 22 - 25

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage

22. Before submitting a job application, it's essential to research the -----------to understand their culture and values.

23. A ---------------- should succinctly outline your skills, experience, and motivation for the position while demonstrating how you align with the company’s needs.

24. If shortlisted, candidates are typically invited for-------------, where they may be asked behavioral or situational questions to assess their qualifications and fit for the role.

25. Upon successful selection, candidates will receive a-------------that details the employment terms, including compensation, benefits, and job responsibilities.

Questions 26 & 27

Select two statements that are correct according to the paragraph

  A. Researching the company’s background is essential before applying, to tailor your application                          effectively.

   B. A cover letter should be avoided as it is not required for most job applications.

   C. During a job interview, candidates may be asked situational questions to assess their suitability for the          role.

  D.If the terms of the formal offer are unsatisfactory, it is not possible to request any adjustments or                    renegotiate the offer.

READING SECTION-3

Read the text below and answer the questions.

Sustainable Agriculture: The Future of Farming
Cultivating the Earth for a healthier tomorrow

A)
Since the dawn of agriculture, humans have sought ways to harness the land’s potential to feed growing populations. However, traditional farming methods have often been unsustainable, leading to soil depletion, water shortages, and environmental degradation. In recent years, the focus has shifted towards sustainable agriculture—a holistic approach to farming that prioritizes environmental health, social equity, and economic viability. By working in harmony with nature, sustainable agriculture aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This approach is critical as the world faces the dual challenges of feeding an increasing global population while preserving the planet’s ecosystems.

B)
The origins of sustainable agriculture can be traced back to ancient farming practices, which were often more attuned to the rhythms of nature. In ancient civilizations, farmers understood the importance of crop rotation, polyculture (growing multiple crops together), and using organic fertilizers. These practices helped preserve soil fertility and maintain biodiversity. Over time, industrial agriculture revolutionized food production, but at a high environmental cost. The Green Revolution of the mid-20th century introduced high-yield crops and synthetic chemicals, which significantly boosted food production but also led to soil erosion, pesticide resistance, and other ecological problems. The modern movement toward sustainable agriculture is, in part, a return to these ancient practices, incorporating them with new innovations.

C)
Sustainable agriculture is not just about protecting the environment; it also promotes social and economic fairness. Small-scale farmers, particularly in developing countries, often suffer from unfair trade practices and limited access to resources. Sustainable farming offers solutions to these issues by supporting local economies and encouraging fair trade practices. Organic farming, for instance, often involves community-based systems that promote local food security, reduce reliance on industrial inputs, and empower farmers. These systems also provide opportunities for smallholder farmers to market their produce directly to consumers, bypassing exploitative middlemen and ensuring they receive fair compensation for their work.

D)
One of the central tenets of sustainable agriculture is the use of organic farming practices, which eliminate the need for synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Organic farming relies on natural methods to control pests and improve soil health, such as crop rotation, companion planting, and the use of organic matter like compost and manure. These practices help reduce the environmental impact of farming by avoiding harmful chemicals that can pollute waterways and harm wildlife. Additionally, organic farming promotes biodiversity by maintaining healthy ecosystems on farms, which in turn supports pollinators and beneficial insects that are essential for crop production.

E)
Agroforestry, another key element of sustainable agriculture, involves integrating trees into farming systems. This practice offers numerous environmental benefits, including improving soil structure, reducing erosion, and enhancing water retention. Trees also act as carbon sinks, helping to mitigate climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Agroforestry systems can include fruit and nut trees, timber trees, or even shelterbelts that protect crops from wind. These systems not only improve agricultural productivity but also create diverse ecosystems that support wildlife and offer additional income streams for farmers.

F)
The rise of technology has also played a significant role in promoting sustainable farming practices. Innovations in precision agriculture, such as GPS-guided tractors and drone monitoring, enable farmers to optimize the use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, minimizing waste and reducing environmental impact. These technologies allow farmers to apply inputs only where needed, improving efficiency and reducing costs. Furthermore, advances in biotechnology, such as the development of drought-resistant crops, are helping farmers adapt to the challenges posed by climate change, ensuring food security in regions prone to extreme weather events.

G)
The growing popularity of plant-based diets has also contributed to the push for sustainable agriculture. As awareness increases about the environmental impact of livestock farming—particularly its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and water usage—more consumers are seeking plant-based alternatives. Sustainable farming practices, such as permaculture, support the cultivation of diverse crops with minimal environmental impact. By focusing on plant-based food systems, these practices help reduce the carbon footprint of agriculture and promote healthier eating habits. Furthermore, the shift toward plant-based diets can support local food systems and encourage the cultivation of nutritious, seasonal crops.

H)
As the global population continues to rise, sustainable agriculture will play an increasingly critical role in feeding the world while protecting the planet. The challenges of climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation require a fundamental shift in how we approach food production. By embracing sustainable farming practices—such as organic farming, agroforestry, precision agriculture, and plant-based diets—society can work toward creating a more resilient and equitable food system. With continued research, innovation, and global collaboration, sustainable agriculture offers hope for a future where food production is in balance with environmental health, supporting the well-being of all living beings.

Questions 28-34

The text has eight paragraphs, A–H. Which paragraph contains the following information? Choose the correct letter for questions 28–34.

28. Overcoming Global Challenges and Ensuring Food Security

29. Reducing the Environmental Impact of Food Systems

30. Integrating Trees for Enhanced Environmental and Economic Benefits

31. Empowering Local Farmers through Sustainability

32. Harnessing Nature’s Power for Healthy, Sustainable Crops

33. Ancient Agricultural Practices and Their Modern Relevance

34. Precision Agriculture and the Role of Technology in Sustainability

Questions 35-40

Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE words from the text for each answer.

The concept of sustainability in agriculture dates back to ancient civilizations that utilized 35……………. and 36…………….. methods to preserve soil fertility. These early practices provide valuable lessons for modern agriculture as it faces challenges such as 37……………., soil depletion, and resource scarcity. Organic farming plays a crucial role in sustainable agriculture, promoting healthy crops while avoiding harmful chemicals that can degrade the environment. 38………………, which integrates trees into farming systems, offers environmental benefits such as improved soil quality, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration, while also providing economic advantages for farmers.

Technological advancements, such as 39………………, have revolutionized the way farmers approach sustainability. By using tools like drones and sensors, farmers can optimize crop production while minimizing waste and resource use. In addition, the shift towards 40…………….has gained momentum, reducing the environmental impact of livestock farming, which is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and land degradation.

Answers

Section-1

1. B. make your reservation as early as possible.

2. B. will be given to you by staff during the journey.

3. A. inform the coach company when you book.

4. B. a room with private facilities.

5. B. depends on how many people want it.

6. B. be allowed to bring a small bag on the coach.

7. True

8. False

9. True

10. False

11. Not Given

12. True

13. library card

14. booking fee

Section-2

15. VII

16. IV

17. III

18. VI

19. I

20. B) Setting up an ergonomic workstation with proper chair and desk adjustments

21. C) Ensuring the screen is at eye level and minimizing glare from light sources

22. Company

23. Cover Letter

24. An interview

25. Formal offer

26. A

27. C

Section-3

28.H

29.G

30.E

31.C

32.D

33.B

34.F

35.Crop Rotation

36.Organic farming

37.Climate change

38.Agroforestry

39.Precision agriculture

40.Plant-based diets